# Sanitary Napkin Raw Materials: Key Components and Their Functions

## Introduction to Sanitary Napkin Components

Sanitary napkins are essential feminine hygiene products designed to provide comfort and protection during menstruation. Understanding the raw materials used in their production helps consumers make informed choices about the products they use. Modern sanitary napkins consist of several layers, each serving a specific purpose to ensure absorption, comfort, and hygiene.

## The Main Layers and Their Materials

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Layer)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven fabric: A soft, breathable material that allows liquid to pass through quickly while keeping the surface dry
– Perforated plastic film: Sometimes used for extra dryness
– Cotton-like materials: For premium products offering superior softness

Key functions: Provides comfort, allows quick liquid penetration, and maintains dryness

### 2. Acquisition-Distribution Layer (ADL)

This middle layer helps spread the menstrual fluid evenly across the absorbent core. Materials include:

– Air-laid paper
– Specialized non-woven fabrics
– Synthetic fibers with capillary action

Key functions: Distributes fluid evenly to prevent pooling and enhances absorption efficiency

### 3. Absorbent Core

The heart of the sanitary napkin, this layer is responsible for fluid retention. Common materials:

– Fluff pulp (wood pulp): The primary absorbent material in most conventional pads
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP): Highly absorbent materials that can hold many times their weight in liquid
– Combination of fluff pulp and SAP: Most modern pads use this blend for optimal performance

Key functions: Absorbs and retains menstrual fluid, prevents leakage

### 4. Back Sheet (Barrier Layer)

The bottom layer that prevents leakage and protects clothing. Materials include:

– Polyethylene (PE) film: The most common, provides liquid-proof barrier
– Breathable microporous film: Allows air circulation while preventing leaks
– Cloth-like materials: For premium products offering better comfort and discretion

Key functions: Prevents leakage, protects clothing, some allow breathability

## Additional Components

### Adhesive Strips

– Pressure-sensitive adhesive: Keeps the pad securely in place
– Wing adhesives: For winged pads to secure around underwear

### Release Paper

– Silicon-coated paper: Protects the adhesive before use
– Easily removable for application

### Fragrance Components (Optional)

– Some pads include fragrance microcapsules or scented materials
– Controversial due to potential irritation for some users

## Environmental Considerations

With growing environmental awareness, manufacturers are exploring:

– Biodegradable materials for top sheets and back sheets
– Organic cotton options
– Chlorine-free fluff pulp
– Plant-based adhesives
– Reduced use of plastics

## Conclusion

Understanding the raw materials in sanitary napkins helps consumers choose products that match their needs for comfort, absorption, and environmental impact. As technology advances, we continue to see innovations in materials that improve performance while addressing sustainability concerns. Whether opting for conventional or eco-friendly options, knowing these components empowers women to make the best choices for their menstrual health.