# Sanitary Pad Raw Materials: Key Components and Their Functions

## Introduction

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. The effectiveness and comfort of these products depend largely on the quality and composition of their raw materials. Understanding the key components of sanitary pads and their functions helps consumers make informed choices and manufacturers improve product quality.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s designed to be soft, comfortable, and quickly absorbent. Common materials include:

– Non-woven fabric (polypropylene or polyethylene)
– Perforated film
– Cotton-like materials

Key functions:
– Provides softness and comfort
– Allows quick liquid penetration
– Keeps skin dry

### 2. Absorbent Core

This is the most crucial part of the pad that absorbs menstrual flow. It typically consists of:

– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Sometimes includes cotton or rayon

Key functions:
– Rapid absorption of menstrual fluid
– Locking in moisture to prevent leakage
– Maintaining dryness

### 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the waterproof layer that prevents leaks. Materials used include:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous films
– Non-woven laminates

Key functions:
– Preventing leakage
– Allowing breathability in some premium products
– Providing structural integrity

### 4. Adhesive

Adhesives serve multiple purposes in sanitary pads:

– Bottom adhesive: Keeps the pad in place in underwear
– Wing adhesive: Helps secure wings around underwear
– Construction adhesive: Bonds different layers together

Key functions:
– Secure placement
– Maintaining pad structure
– Ensuring comfort during movement

## Additional Components

### 1. Release Paper

Protects the adhesive before use and is removed during application. Typically made from silicon-coated paper or film.

### 2. Fragrance (Optional)

Some pads include fragrance materials to mask menstrual odor, though these may cause irritation for some users.

### 3. Indicators

Some premium pads include wetness indicators that change color when the pad needs changing.

## Material Considerations

### Safety

All materials should be:

– Hypoallergenic
– Free from harmful chemicals
– Dermatologically tested

### Environmental Impact

Increasingly, manufacturers are exploring:

– Biodegradable materials
– Organic cotton options
– Chlorine-free bleaching processes

## Conclusion

Understanding the raw materials in sanitary pads helps consumers choose products that offer the right balance of comfort, protection, and safety. As technology advances, we continue to see improvements in materials that enhance performance while addressing environmental concerns. Whether opting for conventional or eco-friendly options, knowing these key components empowers women to make better choices for their menstrual health.