# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The quality and comfort of these products largely depend on their raw material composition. Modern sanitary pads consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific purpose in absorption, comfort, and protection.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Layer)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Nonwoven polypropylene or polyethylene
– Perforated plastic films
– Soft, breathable materials with quick-drying properties

Key properties: Softness, breathability, and rapid liquid transfer to the absorption layer.

### 2. Absorption Core

The absorption core is the most critical component, usually composed of:

– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Sometimes blended with cotton or rayon

This layer can absorb and retain significant amounts of liquid relative to its weight.

### 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet prevents leakage and is typically made from:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous films
– Sometimes with added cloth-like coverings for comfort

Properties: Liquid-proof, flexible, and often breathable to reduce moisture buildup.

### 4. Adhesive Layer

The adhesive keeps the pad in place and usually consists of:

– Pressure-sensitive adhesives
– Hot melt adhesives
– Sometimes silicone-based for sensitive skin

## Additional Components

### Wings and Side Barriers

Many modern pads include:

– Nonwoven wing extensions
– Elastic barriers along the sides
– Special adhesives for wing attachment

### Fragrance and Additives

Some pads may contain:

– Natural or synthetic fragrances
– Aloe vera or other soothing agents
– Antimicrobial treatments

## Material Properties and Considerations

### Absorption Capacity

The combination of fluff pulp and SAP determines:

– Total liquid absorption
– Retention under pressure
– Distribution throughout the pad

### Breathability

Important factors include:

– Moisture vapor transmission rate
– Air permeability of materials
– Temperature regulation properties

### Skin Safety

Materials must be:

– Hypoallergenic
– Free from harmful chemicals
– Dermatologically tested

### Environmental Impact

Increasing focus on:

– Biodegradable materials
– Organic cotton options
– Reduced plastic content

## Future Material Trends

Emerging developments include:

– Plant-based superabsorbents
– Compostable back sheets
– Smart materials with moisture indicators
– Antibacterial natural fibers

Understanding the composition and properties of sanitary pad raw materials helps consumers make informed choices and manufacturers develop better products that balance performance, comfort, and environmental responsibility.