# Sanitary Napkin Raw Materials: Key Components and Their Functions

## Introduction to Sanitary Napkin Construction

Sanitary napkins are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow and provide comfort during menstruation. The effectiveness of these products depends on the quality and combination of various raw materials used in their production. Understanding these components helps consumers make informed choices about the products they use.

## Core Components of Sanitary Napkins

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven fabric: Soft, breathable, and comfortable
– Perforated plastic film: Provides a dry surface feel
– Cotton-like materials: For extra softness and comfort

Key functions: Allows quick liquid penetration while keeping the surface dry to prevent irritation.

### 2. Absorbent Core

This is the most crucial component that determines the product’s absorption capacity. Common materials include:

– Fluff pulp: Made from wood fibers, provides bulk absorption
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP): Highly absorbent materials that lock in moisture
– Combination of both: Most modern products use this for optimal performance

### 3. Back Sheet

The waterproof layer that prevents leaks. Materials include:

– Polyethylene film: Most common, provides complete protection
– Breathable microporous film: Allows vapor transmission while blocking liquid
– Cloth-like materials: For more comfortable, discreet products

### 4. Adhesive Components

– Pressure-sensitive adhesive: Keeps the pad in place on underwear
– Release paper: Protects the adhesive before use
– Wing adhesives: For securing wings in winged products

## Additional Features and Materials

### 1. Side Barriers

Also called “leak guards,” these are raised edges along the sides of some premium pads that help prevent side leakage. They’re typically made from the same material as the top sheet but with additional elastic properties.

### 2. Fragrance Components

Some pads include:

– Perfume microcapsules: For odor control
– Activated charcoal layers: Natural odor absorption
– Baking soda: Neutralizes odors

### 3. Packaging Materials

While not part of the pad itself, packaging is crucial for:

– Individual wrappers: Maintain hygiene of unused products
– Outer packaging: Protects multiple pads and provides information

## Environmental Considerations

With growing environmental awareness, manufacturers are exploring:

– Biodegradable materials: For top sheets and back sheets
– Organic cotton: As an alternative to synthetic materials
– Chlorine-free pulp: For the absorbent core
– Plant-based adhesives: More eco-friendly bonding solutions

## Quality and Safety Standards

All sanitary napkin raw materials must meet strict safety and quality standards:

– Dermatologically tested: To ensure skin safety
– Free from harmful chemicals: Such as dioxins and phthalates
– Hypoallergenic: Especially important for sensitive skin
– Compliance with regional regulations: Such as FDA or EU standards

## Conclusion

Understanding the raw materials in sanitary napkins helps consumers choose products that best meet their needs for comfort, protection, and safety. As technology advances, we continue to see innovations in materials that improve performance while addressing environmental concerns. Whether prioritizing absorption, comfort, or sustainability, knowing these components empowers women to make better choices for their menstrual health.